Thursday, April 4, 2013

A-Z Challenge: D for Dear Delhi


D for Dear Delhi


You have been the jorum of dreams; you have been the heart of our country. You have been home to many drifters in the dawdling, dark hours of the night. You've been the flimmer of hope, the station of action, the place where vision meets reality. Since the antiquated centuries, you have been the maiden holding in her bosom monuments from which wayfarers still draw aesthetic nourishment. You have been home to art and culture, to music and drama; you have been the capital star of the country, its central conurbation, its cardiac organ throbbing with life. Dear Delhi, you have housed in your bosom princes and paupers, criminals and saints, men in white and individuals with shady reputation. Silhouetted against your painted red sky are skyscrapers, tall candle like structures often with tapering tops and pointed peaks finger-tipping the drifting lumps of cumulus. I see you as a pantomime, one with a painted face and communicating with gestures. I see you as an old matron tired with age, your back crooked from holding the weight of civilization. You stare at the city you gave birth to with eyes welled-up. You cannot hold your child by its arm anymore. It has matured before you knew it.

Dear Delhi, you have given opportunities, you have unleashed discrimination, you have pushed people to succeed, and you have forced them down hill too. You have been propitiated like god by your lovers with poems and prayers; you have been called a horrible monster by those who derived not a drop of milk from your buxom bosom. Dear Delhi, you have endured tempestuous disruptions, but what deracinated the essential human spirit in you was a blow hurled by a bunch of men. They hurled arrows on your chest; they robbed your bosom of their nourishing elements. They violated a woman, they violated you. A veil of assault was thrown at you and you were forced to display it. You now stand abashed, you dry maiden. The drought in your womb may never cease. Dear Delhi, you may never be the same again: the spirited central organ of the country breathing life and sporting equality for all. You have a scar on your face, an ugly defect that might never heal. You may still house wayfarers, breed dreams, but a piece of your ample heart that died on a foreign shore on a cold day last December , that broken piece might never re-unite with you; you may never be full and complete again,  my dear Delhi. 

Wednesday, April 3, 2013

A-Z Blogging Challenge: C for Cooking

      C for Cooking


Pineapple upside down cake: The result of one successful baking experiment in 2012




It is interesting how the latest blogging experience has for me become a ticket to travel to my own past to secure material for the daily entries.  It’s great to recognize at times how one’s past shapes a person’s present state. In the sweet and salty waters of the past we ceaselessly float with childlike abandon, savoring its taste and regaling in the changes the waters has brought in our system., and I feel absolutely fabulous when I go back in time and see how I have over the years become the person I am now. Today I wish to talk about my own past, my journey along the thoroughfare of life through the medium of food preparation.
Before I write my entry I head to my kitchen. Its elongated interior, its blue tiles, its shelves stacked with colorful Indian spices, and the little chalkboard abaft the oven wherein I write my random thoughts,  my occasional love notes to my husband and menus from to time, have so many stories to tell. Indeed, I feel that the kitchens I have had at my disposal since the time I stepped into one (for indulging in the serious business of cooking) will effortlessly narrate the story of a struggling cook, an amateur chef, an inchoate person getting to know her skills in the cooking department, which can also be seen as a metaphor for the struggles in my life I faced and endured.

In the stark reality of a modern city evening, I now see myself delving into the pool of the days gone by. My first memory of cooking is the dish of fish curry I prepared at home under the supervision of my mother, who was not too pleased to realize that her daughter, whom she seldom allowed to enter the oily kitchen in our Kolkata home, would after her marriage find herself in the household of a graduate student in USA where she would have to cook her daily dishes, if she wished to eat modest Bengali meals that is, and my mother wanted me to eat them. Indeed, she was unequivocal about it, since she had and still has a nasty way of regarding anything that has not been cooked at home. I can still see her standing before me goggle-eyed with beads of perspiration on her forehead trying to teach me how to fry a fish correctly. After my first few attempts when I dropped the fish pieces marinated in turmeric and salt in a pool of mustard oil that still hadn’t reached the correct temperature, my mother found herself on the brink of tears. “What will you do,” she said helplessly, “if you cannot prepare a simple fish curry!” She was sure that I would die of starvation, but was later assured by my then fiancĂ© and now husband that you seldom get fish like the ones you buy in Kolkata in the small university town we would be calling home, so perfection in cooking that dish wasn't required. My husband's words didn’t reassure my mother for she insisted that I learned a few Bengali dishes before I head for the altar and announce my vows. For days she literally pushed me into our kitchen at home and made me cook. Aloo posto (potatoes cooked in poppy-seed sauce), sorse mach (fish in mustard sauce, daal (lentil soup) were the first few recipes I learned to cook. I tell you that even now despite the wistful winds of time howling pensively in the tenebrous corners of an ever-moving life, I can clearly see that little kitchen at home and my perspiring teacher, my mother, armed with a stainless steel spatula ready to drop a blow on my head in case I made any mistake in wielding the skillet.

The second kitchen I went into was the one at my in-laws place. My mom-in-law was evidently anxious when she discovered before our wedding that her would-be daughter-in-law was “interested” in cooking but has had no experience in that department so far. Here, I must tell you, people in Bengal are great foodies. They love to have a good meal three times a day complete with fish and vegetables; and cooking in the eastern part of India is considered an art, a skill to be assiduously mastered. As a devout lover bent on marrying the person I now come home to, I was thoroughly bent at the time on securing an affirmative nod from his mother. Make a good impression was what I had in my mind. I am sure despite my incessant effort, my mom-in-law was convinced when I tried cooking for them that I wasn't a star in that department. She was patient and taught me and my sister-in-law on one of our visits to her place before our respective weddings, how to cook Muri Ghonto (a special Bengali dish made with fried fish head and rice). Now, after six years of my marriage when I step into that kitchen on my occasional visits to my in-laws’ suburban home, I cannot but smile at my naivetĂ© at the time I first encountered that cooking-room. Now I am a confident cook, years of practice have taught me  how to browse and sluice, but the memory of my appreciative glance as I beheld the crushed fried fish heads being dropped into the bed of half-cooked rice and cashew and raisins by my mother-in-law still makes me smile. 

And then there was my third kitchen where I was the master-chief and decision maker as to menus. It was a great independence to find myself in my husband’s graduate-student abode with a kitchen solely at my own disposal. In the sleepy town of Carbondale, IL, USA, I found myself experimenting with spices and cuisines. Kitchen wisdom generously provided by acquaintances, homemakers who have been making delicious Bengali meals from scratch in their kitchens in their homes in the USA, came as a great help at the time. I learned from one of my lovely acquaintances how to make mishti doi (sweet yogurt) using condensed and evaporated milk. Alone at home in quiet afternoons with ample time at hand, I would head over to the kitchen and try to execute my newly acquired cooking skill. The experiments often bore ghastly results when I had to rush to the internet to find out how to sweeten an overtly salted dish, or how to deal with a curry with too much spice in it. The kitchen burn marks I still bear in my arms will testify to my ceaseless struggles to learn how to cook. My husband, a chemist, was already a master in the cooking department by the time I had arrived in his kitchen. Five of six initial disastrous meals and a few minor kitchen burns convinced him that matters need to be taken at hand and so, on weekends, he used to have me by his side while he cooked a delicious chicken curry or a tasty veggie dish. It was he who passed on me the trick that when you fry turmeric before you cook any Indian dish that has the spice in it, the taste and appearance of the dish gets a positive boost.

My fourth kitchen was a joint-establishment I shared with three other inmates of a house we lived in for a few months in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA It was a three-storied house where we had our rooms in the third floor. Our Taiwanese flat-mate was a woman I instantly bonded with soon after my arrival; I often shared our Indian meals with her while she in return would introduce us to some of the delicious dishes from her distant homeland. I remember her telling me once about something called a thousand year old egg, which was apparently hot-stuff. The description of the egg's black exterior and green yolk make me avoid its homely substitute for a few days. Still egg-curry was the thing I once cooked for her, and she, I remember, was lo less happy to find out that our humble one-day-old egg was equally delicious as its thousand-year-old rival. 

My fifth kitchen in Nashville, TN, USA was the address to my major cooking-related-disaster. While making a delicate salmon curry for my husband’s birthday meal, I found myself mistaking the little finger in my left hand for the fish. I applied the knife on my finger with vim and found myself dripping with blood and was subsequently rushed to the nearest Walgreens. Upon seeing the medical practitioner and relating the story of how-I nearly-chopped-off-my finger, I mentioned to her in unequivocal terms my fear about injections. A few moments later a needle was punched into my forearm; still, in the end, after the bloody-drama was over, I managed to cook that half-done fish under the glaring eyes of my eyes, piqued to the core by my display of defiance when he said I should rest and not cook anymore.

It was in the papered walls of my Nashville kitchen that I find myself returning now with a sigh one breathes when one remembers good ole days. That kitchen in our two-bedroom apartment in Nashville was my cooking-abode for nearly three years and therein I saw myself mature as a cook. It was it that kitchen that I upped from an apprentice to a descent cook. It was in that kitchen that  I cooked my first Thanksgiving meal complete with turkey and mashed potatoes and gravy.In there, I regularly reproduced the meals I watched Paula Deen, Ina Garten and Rachel Ray make in their respective cooking shows on television. I am sure I may have had several failures when I re-did the recipes I learnt at the time from varied sources, but right now all I see are the good things I cooked: a delicious looking jambalaya, a juicy chicken-roast, mashed potatoes with cream and cheese in it, cakes perfectly baked, etc.

And now, finally after six years of marriage and staying by myself with a husband for company, I see myself heading to my kitchen in Gurgaon, India, my sixth kitchen, on days I don’t have to attend classes at my university or on weekends. A happy academician keen on literature, I now find myself waxing lyrical about cooking. It doesn’t seem to me a rocket-science anymore; it’s a humble chore that needs to be performed at certain times in a week. I am no more intimidated by recipes with weird French names of ingredients that I thought were only begotten in some other world. My view of cooking has changed with my experience with that art. Like writing, which liberates me and makes me happy every time I try it, cooking too gives me ample joys when I am wielding the skillet. Writing the menu before embarking on the project is most fun for me. I am yet to learn how to make a perfectly round roti (Indian bread) though, and I have avoided the task so far. May be someday I will learn it, but right now cooking isn’t a priority anymore like it used to be at one time in my life. I am at peace with my skill and don’t have to impress anyone with my cooking; I now do it for love and with love and sometimes when exhausted from work with extreme dislike too. I guess we all face a certain lull in our activities after the tempestuous initial stage of new-beginnings is over. All that is now left with me about cooking is a reticent liking for the art but no more; nevertheless, my experiences as I learned how to cook,will always remain little gems illuminating in my album of collected occurrences from my life and will bring me ample joy whenever I shall recall them.


Tuesday, April 2, 2013

A-Z Blogging Challenge: B for Books!!




Before I began the blogging challenge, waking up in the morning to prepare self for the day has always been a problem with me. Today I see myself up with the lark, though I am not sure if I could trace the wings of the said bird in the vicinity; the Indian Mynas and pigeons are all I see in my patio.

I am sure you have guessed correctly today’s topic of discussion: B for books. I wonder if to a bibliophile the letter b could ever mean anything else. When I closed my eyes to ruminate for a bit before I start punching away in my laptop, I saw the image of books, stacked neatly on tables and on book shelves. Beautiful folios and hard-binds with blue and red printed covers, myriad titles written in gold letters lie with bated breath for the reader to approach them. I see their heaving bosoms pregnant with dreams that will be transported to the reader once communication with her is established. Thinking this way I wonder if books that animate our world are imbued with life as well? Scientifically speaking such an idea is outrageous; but ask a reader and she will testify to the unmistakable presence of life in books. When we read we touch the miasma of creation emanated from the writer’s mind and frozen between the pages of her book. We read the book and we know how wonderfully creative the writer’s mind has been when she/he gave birth to the tale we now read. The writer’s presence conspicuous by its absence seldom fails to impress upon us the stupendous power of the human mind when inspired with creativity.

If one browses the blog-posts in my blogger page, one will doubtless encounter illimitable references to my love for books in general, and P.G. Wodehouse’s creations in particular. I have often mentioned it to my few book-peers that it is unequivocally Wodehouse who has made me love books. I used to be a reader before I read him, but I wasn’t a voracious one at that. My love for books was temperate: I used read one or two books in a month. But now the habit involves reading at least four to five books in thirty-days. This drastic change in my reading habit was brought upon me by the lovely books of PGW; the more I read him the more I realized the power of literature. Wodehouse’s books convinced me that sitting home and reading is way better than interacting with people you don’t quite like. He convinced me that if given a chance books can become one’s best pals; but most importantly, Wodehouse taught me the virtue of a good laugh. My life thus changed from reading Wodehouse and I paid homage to the great master by reading most of his books available in the market.
As a writer bent on learning the art of creative creation, it behooves me to read every day, and this habit has led me to discover the following lists of books: 


The above lists have proved to be immensely helpful in discovering texts that ought to be read. The last few books I tremendously enjoyed have been: Good Omens by Terry Pratchett, Cold Comfort Farm by Stella Gibbons and Dirk Gently’s Holistic Detective Agency by Douglas Adams. I liked Cold Comfort Farm the best; it’s a domestic comedy set in a quaint little farm in Sussex where things are not quite all right until the heroine Flora Poste arrives therein and does a bit of domestic-wizardry. The characters are delicious and the book a delight to read.

The aftertaste of sweetness and satisfaction came after reading Terry Pratchett as well, probably more so than Cold Comfort Farms, which has a couple of oriental and exotic references to the non-Western world which annoyed me a little. But Good Omens was a delight from first to last. It is an imaginative extravaganza that talks about Armageddon and good and bad angels and a witch called Anges Nutter, whose prophesies are mind-bogglingly “nice and accurate”. I am abashed to state that before Good Omens I haven’t read anything by Pratchett, but I am now ready to rectify that mistake because I have ordered his Discworld series of books and intend to read every one of them before the year ends.

The complete works of Nickolai Gogol, Wilkie Collins’ Woman in White, short stories by Franz Kafka, The Name of the Rose by Umberto Eco are some of the new books in my reading list. Eco’s taxing prose has particular appeal for me because his esoteric texts (Foucault’s Pendulum, Prague Cemetery) full of arcane references to dark-mysteries requires me to use the clammy cells of the cranium to decipher the mystery.
I now look at my watch and see that I have talked for a long time on my favorite subject: books and I still have so much to say. Indeed, one is never satiated when one exchanges data with others about books. It is a topic that has infinite possibilities. Reading with love and reading for love of books do give you immense happiness and joy.

After I am done with my Masters Degree course I wish to take a long holiday to write and read. Aah…the thought makes me go all dreamy-eyed, the books that I have in my mind beckon me with welcoming smiles. I see their faces all beaming with enthusiasm for me. They are my world and I am theirs, together my books and I are members of family, relations of soul. They nourish my mind and make me a more confident and happy person.
I wish all my readers a very good morning J

                                                                                                

Monday, April 1, 2013

A-Z Challenge Blog-posts -- A for April


a-z challenge blog posts



A for april


      To T.S. Eliot April may have been a cruel month, an extension of the festering, morbid seasons his wasteland cradled in its jorum. My young mind, however, differs considerably with the great poet in its opinion of April: to me it is a beautiful time of the year when the earth seems to be swelling with the new buds and the world looks all bright and enthusiastic. It is a month which brings in the soft, permeating and flowery odor of new-beginnings, new life burgeons in the clammy cells of the sleepy earth. We get ready for summer, the vigorous season of the year. To me April is full of promises of a soon-to-be floriferous future when buds in my little garden will bloom, and the park outside my apartment will look all vivacious and comfortable. I dream on the first day of the month about its fruits and blessings and smile with contentment. The soft early morning light that comes in through the window of my study and the smell of the green leaves of the hibiscus nodding its leafy branches in the delicately warm wind fills me with exquisite positive energy. The blogging challenge I took upon seems full of creative prospects. What more can a writer ask for than the opportunity to sit at her desk and write her mind? And when that task is performed every day, the creative-delight is limitless. I think of the letters I have at hand: B-Z, and envision the innumerable topics I can write about. The mind is bombarded with thoughts hitting the darkened walls of that sinuous department with ideas, words, and images. The images are positively brilliant; I feel I can touch them with my fingertips. I wonder if the magic of creating sentences is intensified by the libanophorous April waiting at my doorstep like Santa Claus on Christmas with his bag full of creative-prompts. I am sure it is. There is something in the light-warmth emanating from the sun-risen azure that assures me that April does whisper paeans of beauty and creativity to those who cares to listen to her.

   As I type my first entry of the blogging challenge, I hear the meta-voice cheerily chirping away words and sentences, unbeknownst to me, unconscious of the presence of the stolid critic that denies any flight of imagination. Today I see my poetic spirit chiming Keats’ lines from his Ode to the Nightingale:

   “Away! away! for I will fly to thee,
   Not charioted by Bacchus and his pards,
   But on the viewless wings of Poesy”

     My mind now wishes that it rides the unfurled wings of poetic creation and begets new ideas every morn when I will be composing my blog posts. The opportunity of getting up every day and writing for an hour or so before the quotidian rigors start seem delicious. Like a child bracing herself for a day at school with a bit of playtime activity, I let my rambling mind write words without cessation. I feel liberated; writing is indeed amazing. I have often wished that I could leave the world and its demands aside and write away to my heart’s content. On this beautiful day of the first day of April I am glad I am doing just that. One mistake we writers often make is that we don’t write much, and that way we experience creative blocks, which frustrate and disillusion us. I feel that if I were to write every day, even under the compulsion of catering to the guidelines of a bloggling challenge, which states in unequivocal terms that you must write daily, I am doing a service to my creative spirit in preparing it to return to its habit of writing on a daily basis despite the enervating toils of each day.

   The April outside my window, the April of my optimism, the April of my imagination all assure me that I can surely do it. I remember how I loved the movie Julie and Julia directed by Norah Ephron where the protagonist Julie Powell discovered her love for food and blogging when she indulged in both in a moment of creative frenzy. Julie used to wake up every day and head for the computer to type away her blog-posts. Here I am doing exactly the same and feeling that human nature every where is similar: we all love giving tongue to our thoughts. And in this April amid the buds and the greens, the sun and the heat, the birds and the truculent commuters in the metro, I will look for new beginnings, new ideas to belabor and talk about everyday till the month ends, or possibly even after the final song is sung by maiden April.



 




                                Little bell-pepper buds about to bloom in my garden 



Monday, March 11, 2013

Traveling in the Pink Zone of Female Empowerment



Picture Courtesy:


 It is often said about women in India, and of Delhi in general, that the nation they inhabit is not safe enough for them. The usual way of categorizing and stereotyping Indian women is to consider them as weak and inferior to their male counterparts. Such popularly held and superannuated ideas about Indian women are apt to undergo a metamorphosis if one enters the hallowed portals of the ladies’ compartments in the Delhi metro trains, for here one is sure to encounter a series of young empowered females whose very presence and behavior in that no-man’s zone will assure him/her that indeed the Indian society, despite the innumerable arrows it hurls at its women citizens, has succumbed to the fluxion of change.

Take a jolly ride in the ladies’ compartment of the Delhi metro sometime and you’ll get a vision of New-India. Here you’ll meet students, book-worms holding popular texts, out-of-coffee-house female-intellectuals discussing books or burning social issues with friends, professionals, engineers, doctor, social workers in baggy trousers and loose fitting kurtas—together they will strike you as myriad as the travelers in Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales. You can read their aurora-borealic eyes and decipher the layers of dreams that dwell within. They hold snazzy gadgets, wear revealing clothes, and display badges of matrimony like chuda and sindoor along with cool anklets or tattoos. They are a fusion of the old and the new living in perfect harmony. They are assertive too; let a man walk into the ladies’ zone and you will find one or two of the ladies’ raise their eyebrows first and regard him with marked annoyance and then they will raise their voice, “Bhaiya, yeh ladies compartment hai!” (Brother, this is the ladies’ compartment).

As a daily commuter in the Delhi metro I have ample opportunities everyday to study the female representatives of ‘Incredible India’. They strike me as the amazons of a future India silently professing the radical view that they don’t want be stereotyped, assaulted or raped. Their words, far from being a kind of gnat-fritinancy, come to me as the perfumed speech of the New-Women. They always have something to say, they have their own opinions and they speak it without abashment either into their phones or with their friends. Once I heard a woman swear profusely and even though several inhabitants of the compartment looked askance at her, she continued in her jocular-swearing mode till she disembarked from the compartment. This assures you that in real life women do swear at times, just like men; that we are no more the gentle-speaking ladies of the home who think twice before uttering a swear word.

In general compartments you’ll often see men sitting in seats reserved for ladies while women stand without protest waiting for the men to vacate their seats. Most times, they never get-up and if you tell them to, they will ask you to board the ladies’ compartment. “Ladies’ compartment main jaiyeh; metro ne aap logo ko ek compartment de dia to general main seat kiyu chaiye?” (Why don’t you go to the ladies compartment; the metro officials have provided you with a whole compartment, why don’t you go there.) Such a situation seldom arises in our ladies’ compartments. One time a group of men entered the ladies’ coach I was traveling in and one of the commuters who I took to be a social worker approached them and asked them if they entered the compartment by mistake or if they did it consciously. They ignored her and continued laughing among themselves. The other women regarded her without protest. When the next station came the woman called out to one of the guards who waited at the station and said we were having a little problem in the compartment. The guard came into the compartment and literally shoved the befuddled mis-commuters into the next general compartment. Subsequently, most of the women in the compartment raised their voices in vehemently rebuking the guys; and few of the men in the next compartment joined in too. I felt proud that day and empowered as well. Later when I found the woman alighting in the same station as myself, I approached her to congratulate her for her vociferousness. She smiled and said the next time I saw something like that she hoped I would protest; “We must protect our own space,” she said.
To me the metro-trains are the microcosms of the nation I live in and the women travelling in them representatives of the female sex inhabiting our country; their behavior, their manner of speech, their attitude throws light on the general condition of women in our country. These days I mostly avoid the general compartments and opt for the ladies coach for the time I spent therein convinces me that despite the allegations of unassertiveness, the modern educated women of women are as cosmopolitan in their ways as the members of her sex in the Western countries. The sight of many of these women assures me that our generation and the future ones are more conscious of their rights and their freedom. And even though the cynic in me tells me that may be I am erroneous in considering the ladies’ compartment of a metro train, a Potemkin village, as a reflection of real-India peopled with real-Indian women, I cannot but question myself what real-India means and why these educated women armed with cool-gadgets and carrying expensive accessories are not females of real-India, whatever that is? The only answer I get is that they do not fall into closed-celled binary categories; their social personas beaming with specs of feminism are anything but weak and inferior; we cannot categorize them. What fascinates me most is the ability of the women to silently inspire; I often feel inspired by their bibliophilia, their sense of fashion, their choice of words. Isn’t this how one woman ought to inspire another? And all it takes to encourage inspiration is to put a lot of diverse females in compartment embedded in the serpentine body of a metro-rail!

In conclusion I wish to say that Alice Walker was right when she said in her essay In Search of our Mothers' Gardens when talking about ordinary women feeding their creative urges: “The answer is so Simple that many of us have spent years discovering it. We have constantly looked high, when we should have looked high-and low.” Indeed when it comes to female empowerment in India we too casually disregard our pedestrian sisters who despite being homemakers encourage their daughters to pursue their careers, women who in their daily lives try to bring in positive change in their society by allowing their daughters to speak in familial discussions—may be the handful of women I see everyday are those extraordinary females who have empowered mothers or sisters and who in their lives knowingly or unknowingly disperse creative auras that inspire other women to think-out-of –the box. In this sense they are indeed real-women, the positively real female citizens that India should be proud of.

Here is a poem I wrote after one of my daily commutes in the Delhi metro:

The Train
The train lurches its way to a known destination
Outside islands-neighborhoods appear and disappear
The train stops at one station
 And then at another
As if to judge the aspect of the defeated contenders--the island-neighborhood
Inside the train a sea of
gadget holding women tapping their
toes to inaudible music.
And in their middle there I sit
Just another face
thinking of the train and myself
on my way back home

Readers' Response:

Nisha Rana, a poet and a teacher posted his comment on my Facebook page, and I cannot but share it with you all.:

" I can't speak for other women/girls, but travelling via metro in the well guarded, safe territory of the women's compartment has actually made me lesser comfortable in travelling alongside men in the general compartments than I was prior to this reservation. it reminds me of a protective father who has kept his daughter away from any kind of trouble that the society might have to offer. And when the daughter enters the outside world without her daddy being there to rescue her if the need may arise, she is completely clueless. But it is okay. am sure the daughter will make mistakes and learn from them 
We are at the first stage of empowerment where we have to provide women with a special treatment to help them come shoulder to shoulder with men. though I sincerely wish for the day to come when women will not be treated any differently than men,well at least not treated as inferior on the basis of those differences that cannot be ignored. I wish for the day when the endangered species will not need to stay within the boundaries of a wildlife sanctuary to be able to walk freely."